Ingredient Research Hub

Curcumin (CaminACT)

Curcumin, the active compound in turmeric (Curcuma longa), exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties through modulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. Our proprietary CaminACT molecular complex technology enhances bioavailability up to 27-fold compared to standard curcumin extracts, ensuring superior absorption and systemic delivery for joint health, metabolic balance, and cellular protection.

Mechanism of action

Curcumin exerts its effects through multiple molecular targets. It inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Simultaneously, curcumin activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway, upregulating antioxidant response elements that enhance endogenous glutathione production and protect against oxidative stress. Its modulation of the COX-2 and 5-LOX pathways contributes to balanced inflammatory response without the gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Tuna Oil DHA)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from refined tuna oil provides essential omega-3 fatty acids critical for neuronal membrane integrity, cognitive function, and cardiovascular health. DHA constitutes 30-40% of brain cortical membrane phospholipids and plays a structural role in synaptic function and neuroplasticity.

Mechanism of action

DHA incorporates into cell membranes where it modulates fluidity, lipid rafts, and receptor function. It serves as a precursor for specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) including resolvins, protectins, and maresins that actively resolve inflammation. DHA upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and enhances synaptic plasticity through modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. At the cardiovascular level, DHA reduces triglyceride synthesis, improves endothelial function via nitric oxide production, and stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques.

Magnesium Amino Chelate

Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions, including ATP synthesis, muscle contraction, nerve function, and protein synthesis. Magnesium amino chelate (bisglycinate) offers superior bioavailability with minimal gastrointestinal side effects compared to oxide or citrate forms.

Mechanism of action

Magnesium acts as a cofactor for ATP-dependent enzymes, stabilizes DNA and RNA structures, and regulates ion channels including NMDA receptors and calcium channels. As a natural calcium channel blocker, magnesium promotes smooth muscle relaxation and vascular tone regulation. Magnesium chelate (bisglycinate) uses amino acid transporters in the small intestine for absorption, bypassing the ionic competition that limits absorption of inorganic forms.

Lycopene

Lycopene is a carotenoid antioxidant found in tomatoes and red fruits, known for its singlet oxygen quenching ability — the highest among dietary carotenoids. It supports cardiovascular health, skin photoprotection, and prostate health through modulation of growth factor signaling and antioxidant defense.

Mechanism of action

Lycopene's conjugated polyene structure enables efficient quenching of singlet oxygen and scavenging of peroxyl radicals. It modulates the IGF-1 signaling pathway, inhibits cell cycle progression through p53 and p21 upregulation, and enhances gap junction communication between cells. Lycopene accumulates in the prostate, skin, and adrenal glands where it provides localized antioxidant protection against oxidative damage.

Astaxanthin

Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid with the strongest antioxidant activity among natural carotenoids, exhibiting 65 times the antioxidant capacity of vitamin C and 54 times that of beta-carotene. It uniquely spans cell membranes, protecting both lipid and aqueous cellular compartments.

Mechanism of action

Astaxanthin's polar end groups and non-polar central chain allow it to span the lipid bilayer, providing simultaneous protection of membrane interior and exterior from oxidative damage. It inhibits NF-κB activation, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and activates Nrf2 signaling to upregulate endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Astaxanthin also improves mitochondrial function by reducing electron leak and enhancing ATP production.

Resveratrol

Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound found in grapes, berries, and Japanese knotweed, known for activating sirtuin pathways associated with cellular health and longevity. It activates SIRT1, mimicking caloric restriction at the molecular level, and modulates AMPK and PGC-1α pathways.

Mechanism of action

Resveratrol activates SIRT1 deacetylase, which regulates mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1α activation. It also activates AMPK, improving cellular energy sensing and insulin sensitivity. Resveratrol inhibits COX-1 and COX-2, reduces NF-κB activation, and upregulates Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes. At the cardiovascular level, it enhances endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, improving vasodilation and blood flow.

Quercetin

Quercetin is a flavonoid antioxidant found in onions, apples, and capers that supports cellular health through multiple mechanisms including mast cell stabilization, Nrf2 pathway activation, and inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes.

Mechanism of action

Quercetin inhibits histamine release from mast cells and basophils by stabilizing cell membranes and modulating intracellular calcium levels. It activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway, increasing glutathione production and phase II detoxification enzymes. Quercetin also inhibits lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes, reduces TNF-α production, and modulates the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling cascade.

NAD+ Precursors (NMNH)

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a fundamental coenzyme in cellular metabolism and energy production. NMNH (reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a novel NAD+ precursor that supports cellular energy, DNA repair, and healthy aging through elevation of NAD+ levels.

Mechanism of action

NMNH enters cells via the P2RX7 purinergic receptor and is rapidly converted to NAD+ through the NMNAT pathway. NAD+ serves as a co-substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1-7), PARP enzymes (DNA repair), and CD38 (calcium signaling). By elevating NAD+ levels, NMNH supports mitochondrial function, enhances SIRT1-mediated deacetylation, and maintains genomic stability through PARP-dependent DNA repair.

Alpha Lipoic Acid

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a potent antioxidant that functions in both fat and water-soluble environments, making it uniquely capable of recycling other antioxidants including vitamin C, vitamin E, and glutathione. It is a key cofactor for mitochondrial dehydrogenase complexes involved in energy metabolism.

Mechanism of action

ALA serves as an essential cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial Krebs cycle, directly supporting ATP production. As a dithiol compound, ALA scavenges reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, chelates transition metals (iron, copper, mercury), and regenerates endogenous antioxidants including glutathione and ubiquinone. ALA activates the Nrf2 pathway, inducing phase II detoxification enzymes and maintaining redox balance.

Cordyceps Mushroom Extract

Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom adaptogen known for enhancing ATP production, improving exercise performance, and supporting immune function through modulation of natural killer cell activity and antioxidant enzyme systems.

Mechanism of action

Cordyceps increases cellular ATP production by enhancing mitochondrial respiration and electron transport chain complex I and III activity. The bioactive compound cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) modulates adenosine receptors and mTOR signaling. Cordyceps polysaccharides enhance NK cell activity and macrophage phagocytosis while modulating Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. The adaptogenic properties involve HPA axis regulation and cortisol modulation.

Black Ginger (Kaempferia parviflora)

Black Ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) is a Thai medicinal herb traditionally used for energy enhancement and vitality. Modern research demonstrates its ability to improve exercise performance, mitochondrial function, and circulation through PDE5 inhibition and AMPK activation.

Mechanism of action

Kaempferia parviflora extracts contain polymethoxyflavones that inhibit phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), increasing cGMP levels and improving vascular function and nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation. It activates AMPK signaling, enhancing cellular energy sensing and mitochondrial biogenesis. The extract also modulates androgen receptor signaling and improves testosterone bioavailability by inhibiting SHBG binding.